Circular Knitting Machine | Different Parts of Circular Knitting Machine

Circular knitting machine:
The principle for circular knitting machine feed from the knitting elements yarn moves from the yarn supply or creel through guides to stop motions control above the machine, then back down to tension controls and yarn feeding devices to the knitting elements. Quality products can be produced only on stop motion and yarn feeding functions are properly set.

Then inter get action knitting and needles form loops. The course at the needle of the machine between the take up and yarn feeding mechanism. Circular weft knitting, needle let one after the other in a sequence for each yarn. Loops are formed horizontally by needle knitting around the cylinder forming a tube. After yarn is knit on the knitting elements the knitted fabric passed over a spiral mechanism through take-up roller and round a roll. This electrical spiral distribute the take-up tension uniformly and reliable to fabric confirm flat tube.

Different parts of circular knitting machine:
1. Chassis
2. Main foot
3. Side foot
4. Supporting ring
5. Needle cylinder
6. Guide way
7. Yarn carrier
8. Cam box ring
9. Yarn feed device
10. Feeding the yarn
11. Central machine axis
12. Protective cover
13. Working platform
14. Upper step
15. Lowest step
16. Horizontal axis
17. Safety railing
18. Roller
19. Holding rods

Man Made Fibers:

Filament fibers are spun from spinnerets with 3500 or less holes. The no. of holes in spinnerets equals to no. of filaments. There are two types of filaments- a) Mono-filament where the final filament is made of only a single filament. b) Multi-filament; where the final filament is made of more than one filament.

Staple Man Made Fibers:

Staple fibers are of limited and relatively short length. It is unit of material which is usually at least 100 times longer than thickness. Filaments are specifically made to get the staple form.

Filament Tow:

The product of 100 or more spinnerets is collected into a large rope of fibers, which is called filament tow. It is then crimped and made into staple by cutting or breaking.

Advantages of Man Made Fibers in Textile:

MMF is durable: Man made fiber is made by following a technical process and this is why this kind of textile fiber is comparatively durable.Crease Resistance: Crease resistance is good.Dimensionally stable: Natural fiber is not stable like the man made fiber. So commercially, the demand of man made fiber is huge.Higher Strength: This fiber is more stable and strengthy than the natural fiber.Better Elongation Properties.Can be made according to expectation.More regular properties.Lower cost. As the entire chemical and raw available all time in any season; the ultimate cost of mmf is less.Production does not depend on the climate. You can produce mmf in any season.The raw materials that are used to produce man made fibers are specific.

Polyester fibre

Polyester fibre is a widely used synthetic fibre. Basic raw materials for polyester fibre production are petroleum, coal, air & water. From those basic raw materials the Glycol monomer dihydric alcohol dn Terephthalic acid are produced. Which are polymerized into an autoclave at high temperature and polyester chips are produced, which are melt spun.

General Properties of Polyester Textile:

1. Length: Polyester fibre could be produced n filament form or staple form i.e. as we desire. Fibre length is controllable.

2. Fineness of polyester textile: Fineness of polyester fibre is also controllable.

3. X-Sectional shape: Normal cross sectional shape is round but it is also made triangular, elliptical or pentagonal. Normally it is white but could be of any color if color is added during spinning.

4. Strength: Normally tenacity varies from 4.5 to 5.0 gram per denier for the polyester textile. In case of high tenacity fibre it may be up t 8.0 gram per denier.

5. Extensibility: Extension at break varies from 20% to 30 %. Good recovery from extension. Due to good extension, strength and functional property polyester is widely used as sewing thread in the garment industries.

6. Resiliency: Polyester textile shows good resiliency property. It does not crease easily and any undue crease can be recovered easily.

7. Dimensional Stability: Polyester fibre is dimensionally stable. It could be heat-set at around 200 degree C. heat set pol7yester fibre does not shrink or extended.

8. Moisture Regain: Very low moisture ranges from 0 – 0.4%. Due to low moisture regain polyester fiber feels worm, easily cleaned, soils less.

9. Action of bleaching agents: It is not damaged by the action of bleaching agents.

10. Action of acid and alkali: It is unaffected by the action of acid and alkali.

11. Action of organic solvent: Polyester textile is unaffected by organic solvent, hence polyester fibre could be dry-cleaned.

12. Action of Sunlight & Heat: Polyester is unaffected by normal sunlight but prolong exposure to sunlight cab reduce strength of polyester. Polyester fibre melts at 227 degree C to 242 Degree C. hence during ironing care should be taken to reduce the risk of damage. In contact to flame the polyester burns and melt when cold, the molten polymer forms hard bids.

13. Dye ability: Polyester fibre shows good dye ability at high temperature. Color fastness to washing and sunlight is also good. Disperse dyes are widely used for dyeing polyester fibre.

14. Biological Properties: Resistance to attack of mildew, moths and insects are good.

15. End use of Polyester textiles: Polyester fibre is widely used for apparels both 100% form and blended form with cotton, nylon, wool, rayon, acetate, etc fibres. Polyester textiles also used for making thermal underwear.

Cotton Fiber

Textile Fiber in Textile Industry. Due to it’s versatile uses; people feel comfort to use Cotton fiber to make fabric. Here is the basic things about Cotton Fiber.

Cotton Fiber:

Cotton is a natural vegetable fibre produced in the cotton plant in many countries of the world even in Bangladesh also. Some important properties of cotton fibres are discussed very briefly below:

Properties of Cotton Fibres:

Length of cotton fiber:

Physically the individual cotton fibres consist of a single long tubular cell. Its length is about 1200-1500 times than its breadth. Length of cotton fibre varies from 16mm to 52 mm depending upon the type of cotton.
Indian cotton- 16-25 mm
American cotton- 20-30 mm
Sea Island- 38-52 mm
Egyptian cotton- 30-38 mm

Fineness of cotton fiber:
Longer the fibre, finer the fibre in case of cotton fibre. It is expressed in term of decitex and it varies from 1.1 to2.3 decitex.
Indian= 2.2-2.3dtex
American= 2.1-2.2 dtex
Egyptian= 1.2-1.8 dtex
Sea Island= 1.0-1.1 dtex
Fineness may be more in case of immature fibre. So it is necessary to express maturity with fineness.

Strength and extension of cotton fiber:
Cotton fibre is fairly among natural fibres in relation to tenacity which is 3-3.5g/dtex. Its tensile strength is between wool and silk fibre but disadvantage is low extension at break which is 5-7%.

Elastic properties of cotton:
Recovery from deformation of cotton fibre, yarn or fabric from applied load is very low. By applying heat it can’t be achieved. This property can be achieved by -1.Chemical treatment to improve crease recovery, but the problem is the materials become harsher due to chemical treatment 2. blending or mixing of cotton with elastic fibre, e.g. polyester, blend ratio depends on the end use of the fabric. The initial modulus is fairly high=0
5 g/dtex (wool=0.25 g/dtex)

Cross-section:
Cross-section of cotton fibre is some what ribbon like. The cell wall is rather thin and the lumen occupies about two-third of the entire breadth and shows up very prominent in polarized light. Fibre cross-section becomes round when mercerized.

Appearance:

Cotton fibre is fairly short, fine and creamy white color. Color of the fibre depends on soil of growth. By adding chemicals in the soil, color of the cotton fibre may be varied.

Crimp:

Cotton fibre is more or less twisted on its longitudinal axis which cab not be seen from out side is called convolution. The twist in the fibre does not to be continuous in one direction i.e. if at first right direction, then left direction. This property of cotton fibre helps in spinning.

COTTON DUCK FABRIC INFORMATION

Cotton duck fabric, from the Dutch word doek
meaning linen canvas, is a very heavy, plain
weave cotton material frequently referred to as
canvas. Duct tape, which is regarded for its
durability, was originally fashioned from cotton
duck with an applied adhesive. The fabric is
commonly used for outdoor items and coverings,
as duck is extremely rugged and is able to
withstand the elements to a great degree. Cotton
duck is classified according to a numbering
system, with 1 being the heaviest and 12 being
the lightest variation of the fabric. The lower
numbered materials can be used to construct
tents, boat covers and sandbags, while the higher
grades are typically used for sneaker tops,
shopping bags and shower curtains. Due to the
heavy weight and relative lack of usable drape,
canvas fabric's usability in garments is typically
restricted to outerwear. Cotton duck is machine
washable and dryable, and is easily dyed. The
fabric loses its stiffness over repeated washings,
and generally settles nicely into a more flexible
yet still durable material.

Definition and Types of Knitted Fabrics Produced in Knitting Mills

We know that fabrics are produced from a set of
warp or weft yarn. Weaving and knitting is
different for the interlacing techniques of yarn. In
weaving it needs warp and weft yarn for produce
woven fabric but in knitting, fabrics are produced
from a series of yarn in warp or weft directions.
Knitting techniques can be defined as follow.
The processes in which fabrics are produced by
set of connect loops from a series of yarns in
warp or weft direction is defined as knitting.
Different knitting machines are use to perform
this techniques. Mainly two types of knitted
fabrics are produced. They are as follow:
Warp knitted fabrics : In a warp knitted structure,
each loop in the horizontal direction is made from
different thread and the number of thread used to
produce such a fabric is at least equal to the
numbers of loops in horizontal row.
Weft knitted fabrics: A horizontal row of loops
can be made using one thread runs in horizontal
direction. The fabric structure is different from
one from another. Weft knitted fabrics are widely
use.
In our daily life, we use different knitted fabrics.
Depending on the fabrics design knitted fabrics
can be as follow:
Single Jersey
1. Plain Single Jersey
2. Single Jersey with Lycra
3. Single Lacoste
4. Double Lacoste
5. Single Pique
6. Double Pique
7. Polo Pique
8. French Terry
9. Terry with Lycra
10. Fleece
11. Fleece with Lycra
Double Jersey
Rib Fabric
1. 1×1 Rib
2. 2×1 Rib
3. 2×2 Rib
4. Lycra Rib
5. Flat Back Rib
Interlock Fabric
1. Plain Interlock
2. Drop Needle Interlock
3. Interlock with Lycra
Collar and Cuff
1. Plain Collar or Solid Collar
2. Shaving Collar
3. Jacquard Collar
4. Tipping Collar
5. Race Collar
6. Stripe Collar
Also different types of decorative design are
developed by knitting machine. In modern times
auto stripe knitting machine use to produce multi
color stripe fabrics, which is not possible to
produce by normal knitting machine.
In above I have written about Lycra. Lycra use for
special purpose. Use of Lycra depends on buyer
requirement. It increases the elastic properties of
fabrics.
Different knitted fabrics have different properties.
Use of knitted fabrics depends on the atmospheric
condition of the country. It also depends on the
choice of one.

COTTON LYCRA®

LYCRA® is a man-made elastic fibre invented
and produced only by DuPont®.It’s remarkable
properties of stretch and recovery enhance all
fabrics and garments in which it is used, adding
easy comfort and freedom of movement and
improving fit and shape retention. Swimwear and
lingerie owe their figure-flattering fit to LYCRA®.
All types of hosiery are softer, smoother-fitting
and more durable thanks to LYCRA®. In short, a
little bit of LYCRA® makes all types of apparel fit
better, feel better and look better.
Tech-Talk
LYCRA® belongs to the generic elastane
classification of man-made fibres(known as
spandex in the US and Canada) and is described
in technical terms as a segmented polyurethane it
is composed of “soft”, or flexible, segments
bonded together with “hard”, or rigid, segments.
This gives the fibre it’s built-in, lasting elasticity.
LYCRA can be stretched four to seven times
its initial length, yet springs back to it’s original
length once tension is released.
While LYCRA® appears to be a single continuous
thread, it is in reality a bundle of tiny filaments.
How LYCRA® is used
LYCRA® is never used alone; it is always
combined with another fiber (or fibers), natural or
man-made. Fabrics enhanced with LYCRA®
retain the appearance of the majority fibre.
The type of fabric and it’s end use determine
the amount and type of LYCRA® required to
ensure optimum performance and aesthetics. As
little as 2 percent LYCRA® is enough to improve
a fabric’s movement, drape and shape retention,
while fabrics for high-performance garments such
as swimwear and active sportwear may contain
as much as 20-30 percent LYCRA®. Weaving or
knitting techniques, togheter with fabric type and
end use, determine whether LYCRA® is used in a
bare or covered yarn form.
Single and double covered LYCRA®
Core-twisted LYCRA®
The material used in the making of the
Cotton-Lycra line of Snob underwear consist of:
-90% Cotton
-10% Spandex(Lycra®)

COTTON TERRY FABRIC INFORMATION

COTTON TERRY FABRIC
INFORMATION
Cotton terry fabric is an extremely absorbent and
soft material, consisting of looped pile on the
front side, and sheared pile on the back. Gaining
prominence in the late 19th Century, terry cloth is
a fabric geared towards rest and relaxation. Used
extensively for bathrobes, slippers and towels, the
superb absorbency and light touch of the material
make it extremely popular. Cotton terry is a very
durable fabric, both machine washable and
dryable.

COTTON JERSEY FABRIC INFORMATION

COTTON JERSEY FABRIC
INFORMATION
Jersey fabric is a soft, warm stretchy fabric that
is made from cotton, silk, or synthetic fibers.
Named for the Isle of Jersey, part of the Channel
Islands between Britain and France, jersey fabric
has small, distinctive lengthwise ribs on its front
side. The material has an excellent drape, creases
well and insulates nicely. Jersey is renowned for
its ability to stretch, up to 25% along the grain,
and as such is well suited for form fitting
garments.
Jersey is often used for clingy skirts and shirts,
as well as casual wear and athletic wear. Cotton
jersey is machine washable in cold water, and
should be tumble dried on low. When cutting and
sewing jersey fabric, it is recommended that the
material be washed first, to eliminate issues
related to shrinkage later in the process.

COTTON MUSLIN FABRIC INFORMATION

COTTON MUSLIN FABRIC
INFORMATION
Muslin fabric is a finely woven cotton material
that is available in a large selection of weights
and widths. Typically white or an undyed natural
color, muslin originated in the Middle East
sometime in the 9th century. Muslin gained
significant popularity for use in clothing in 17th
century France, and is now used for a wide
variety of purposes.
Muslin is often used by dressmakers to determine
the fit and look of a dress or gown before the
production material, which is often quite more
expensive than the muslin, is cut and sewn. Wide
width muslin is often used as a liner for quilts,
and heavy weight muslin can be printed with
sewing patterns for durability. The material can
also be used in cooking applications, such as
cheese making. Muslin takes dyes and paints very
well, and is often found in theatrical scenery and
portrait photography.